Computer chips with embedded software for switching applications; computer hardware with embedded software for switching and routing applications; integrated circuits; semiconductors; semiconductor chips; computer chips; microprocessors; central processing units; routers; network interface cards (NICs); software and embedded software for controlling and using integrated circuits; computer software and embedded software for controlling and using computer network switches, computer switches, communication network switches and Ethernet switches; software and embedded software used in connection with data transfer by communication circuits in the field of network communications; computer software and embedded computer software for implementing, enabling and controlling computer networks; computer software for use as an application programming interface (API); computer software development kits (SDK); software for developing computer programs.